Reduced diameter optical fiber and manufacturing method

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to an optical fiber  1  comprising a core  2  and a cladding  3  surrounding the core  2  and having an outer diameter of 125 μm, the optical fiber  1  comprising a cured primary coating  4  directly surrounding the cladding  3  and a cured secondary coating  5  directly surrounding the cured primary coating  4 , said cured primary coating  4  having a thickness t 1  between 10 and 18 μm and an in-situ tensile modulus Emod 1  between 0.10 and 0.18 MPa, said cured secondary coating  5  having a thickness t 2  between 10 microns and 18 microns and an in-situ tensile modulus Emod 2  between 700 and 1200 MPa, wherein said first and second thicknesses and said first and second in-situ tensile moduli satisfy the following equation:
 
4%&lt;( t   1   ×t   2   ×E  mod 1   ×E  mod 2   3 )/( t   1_norm   ×t   2_norm   ×E  mod 1_norm   ×E  mod 2_norm   3 )&lt;50%.

1. CROSS-REFERENCE TO PRIORITY APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/320,738 for Reduced Diameter Optical Fiber and Manufacturing Method,filed Jan. 25, 2019, (and published Jun. 6, 2019, as U.S. PublicationNo. 2019/0170934 A1), which itself is the U.S. national-stageapplication of International Patent Application No. PCT/IB2016/001278for Reduced Diameter Optical Fiber and Manufacturing Method, filed Jul.29, 2016, (and published Feb. 1, 2018, as International Publication No.WO 2018/020287 A1). Each of the foregoing patent applications and patentapplication publications is hereby incorporated by reference in itsentirety.

2. TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to the field of optical waveguidestructure of the optical fiber type.

3. BACKGROUND ART

Optical fibers are used to transmit information over long distances, atthe speed of light in glass. Deployment of optical fibers has shown atremendous increase due to the development of FTTx business (such asFiber To The Home (FTTH), Fiber To The Curb (FTTC)). In this context,there is an increasing demand in high-density or reduced size cabledesigns, which reduce cable size for a given number of fibers or putmore fibers for a given cable section.

Patent document U.S. Pat. No. 8,600,206 discloses an optical fiber of asmall-diameter comprising a core and a cladding, a primary coatingsurrounding the cladding and a secondary coating surrounding the primarycoating. However, the in situ modulus of the primary coating disclosedby this document is too high to allow the micro bending loss level of a180 μm-diameter fiber being close to one of a standard 245 μm fiber,which is about 1.5 dB/km at 1550 nm.

Patent document WO2014/172143 A1 discloses a small-diameter coatedoptical fiber in which the primary coating has an in situ modulus of0.50 MPa or less, and the secondary coating has an in situ modulus of1500 MPa or greater.

However, due to the excessive level of the secondary coating in situmodulus, compared to the primary modulus and primary secondarythickness, the fiber described by WO2014/172143 A1 has the disadvantageof increasing micro bending losses compared to a standard 245 μm fiber.In addition, the excessive difference between primary and secondarymoduli also translates into an excessive gap between the differentmaterial thermal expansion coefficients and gives rise to coatingdelamination and fiber attenuation increasing, especially at lowoperational temperatures.

Therefore, it would be desirable to provide 180 μm-diameter opticalfibers that still feature satisfactory properties compared to standard245 μm fibers, especially regarding the main coating attributes(strip-ability, adhesion to glass) and the fiber performance in terms ofmicro bending losses and mechanical reliability under stress.

4. SUMMARY

In one particular embodiment of the invention, an optical fiber isdisclosed, which comprises a core and a cladding surrounding the coreand having an outer diameter of 125 μm, the optical fiber comprising acured primary coating directly surrounding the cladding and a curedsecondary coating directly surrounding the cured primary coating, saidcured primary coating having a thickness t₁ between 10 and 18 μm and anin-situ tensile modulus Emod₁ between 0.10 and 0.18 MPa, said curedsecondary coating having a thickness t₂ lower or equal to 18 μm and anin-situ tensile modulus Emod₂ between 700 and 1200 MPa, wherein saidfirst and second thicknesses and said first and second in-situ tensilemoduli satisfy the following equation:4%<(t ₁ ×t ₂ ×E mod₁ ×E mod₂ ³)/(t _(1_norm) ×t _(2_norm) ×Emod_(1_norm) ×E mod_(2_norm) ³)<50%

Where (t_(1_norm); t_(2_norm); Emod_(1_norm); Emod_(2_norm)) are thefeaturing values of a standard 245 μm-diameter optical fiber and areequal to (33.5 μm; 25 μm; 0.4 MPa; 800 MPa).

In spite of its reduced diameter, a 180 μm-diameter optical fiberaccording to the invention features satisfactory properties compared tostandard 245 μm fibers, especially regarding the main coating attributes(strip-ability, adhesion to glass) and the fiber performance in terms ofmicro bending losses and mechanical reliability under stress.

In this matter, when such a 180 μm reduced diameter fiber has nospecific bend insensitive design, it can feature a micro bending lossesbelow 5 dB/km at 1625 nm (sandpaper test: Method B of the IEC-62221document).

This technical advantage is obtained while using a standard 125 μm outerdiameter glass cladding. Indeed, this cladding diameter is common to allmajor fiber categories in industry, which makes the fiber easy toimplement in operations.

Since the glass cladding diameter is already set, the invention mainlyrelies on a non-obvious selection of the interplaying parametersfeaturing the dual-layer coating. The selection of these parameters hasa significant impact on the fiber attributes, due not only to theirindividual variations but also to the particular combination of thedifferent parameters variations.

To be specific, the selection of primary thickness t₁ higher than 18 μmis positive on the point of view of the micro bending performances, butit is to the detriment of mean fiber stripping force and fibermechanical reliability. Indeed, in the case of a 180 μm diameter fiber,it translates into a secondary coating having a thickness t₂ lower than10 μm, which is not sufficient to ensure good mechanical protection tothe fiber, notably with a primary coating having a very low tensilemodulus.

In contrast, the selection of primary thickness t₁ lower than 10 μmfirstly makes micro bending losses increasing outside the range of whatis expected, that could not be corrected by playing on other parameters(primary and secondary moduli). Secondly, it has an impact on the fiberstripping ability, as it is then very difficult to avoid having primarypieces of coating left on the bare fiber, even after cleaning. So doesthe selection of secondary thickness t₂ higher than 18 μm, consideringthe induced limitation of the primary coating thickness t₁.

The selection of a primary modulus Emod₁ (also called “Young's modulus”or “elastic modulus”) lower than 0.10 MPa is also positive on the pointof view of the micro bending performances but on the other hand, itimpacts negatively the pull out force level that measures the adhesionof the primary coating to the cladding glass surface, which cantranslate into delamination issues upon ageing. In contrast, theselection of a primary modulus Emod₁ higher than 0.18 MPa increases themicro bending losses of the fiber.

The selection of a secondary modulus Emod₂ lower than 700 MPa could notcompensate the very low primary modulus Emod₁ in order to get sufficientfiber strength with a secondary thickness inferior to 18 μm. When thesecondary modulus Emod₂ is higher than 1200 MPa, micro bending lossmodeling shows that it is not possible to keep the fiber micro bendingloss level of an 180 μm design close to one of a current 245 μm product.

In addition, and it is a clear insight of the importance of combiningproperly the different parameters one with each other, a ratio(t₁×t₂×Emod₁×Emod₂ ³)/(t_(1_norm)×t_(2_norm)×Emod_(1_norm)×Emod_(2_norm)³) lower than 4% or higher than 50% translates into an excessivedifference between the primary and secondary moduli and therefore intoan excessive difference between the respective material thermalexpansion coefficients (TEC) of the primary and secondary coatings. As aconsequence, it gives rise to potential coating delamination issueswhile making the fiber micro bending losses increasing, especially atvery low operating temperatures.

Thus, it is essential to proceed to the selection of the differentparameters not only in regard of their proper impacts on the fiberattributes but also in regard of the impact of their interplays on thefiber attributes, and especially on the micro bending losses.

In one particular embodiment, both the core and the cladding are made ofdoped or un-doped silica.

In one particular embodiment, the cured primary coating has a cure rateyield after UV curing above between 80 and 90% one week after draw,preferably between 82 and 87%.

This ratio is calculated using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) technique on cured coating piece directed removed from fiber. Itmeasures the quantity of residual UV reactive acrylate functions presentin the coating compared to the initial quantity present in the resinstate. The FTIR procedure is described below.

In one particular embodiment, the cured secondary coating has a curerate yield after UV curing above between 94 and 98% one week after draw,preferably between 95 and 97%.

The cure rate yield for the secondary coating is characterized byessentially the same procedure as for the primary coating and isdescribed below.

The previous coating curing can be obtained by ways know in the art forsubjecting optical fibers to UV radiation by e.g. microwave powered UVlamps, or UV-LED technologies.

In one particular embodiment, the primary coating has a thickness t₁between 10 and 16 μm.

Such a selection of the primary thickness t₁ range allows increasing thesecondary thickness t₂, and therefore improving the mechanical behaviorof the optical fiber.

In one particular embodiment, the secondary coating has a tensilemodulus Emod₂ higher than 1000 MPa.

Such a selection of the secondary tensile modulus Emod₂ allows improvingthe mechanical behavior of the optical fiber.

In one particular embodiment, the optical fiber 1 features a bendinsensitive design.

Bend insensitive designs helps lowering the micro bending losses of thefiber.

In one particular embodiment, the cladding 3 comprises a depressed area,which is preferentially a trench.

In one particular embodiment, the optical fiber has a core 2 with apositive refractive index difference with the quartz outer cladding. Thecore is surrounded by a cladding 3, wherein part of the claddingcomprises a trench with a negative refractive index difference with theouter cladding.

Preferably the reduced diameter fiber is compatible with a standardsingle mode fiber such that:

The reduced diameter optical fiber presents a cable cut-off valueinferior or equal to 1260 nm.

The reduced diameter optical fiber presents Mode Field Diameter (MFD)value between 8.6 and 9.5 μm at 1310 nm.

The reduced diameter optical fiber presents a zero-dispersion wavelengthbetween 1300 and 1324 nm.

Preferably, the fiber complies with the macro-bend losses specified inthe ITU-T G.657.A1 (October 2012) recommendations.

More preferably, the fiber complies with the macro-bend losses specifiedin the ITU-T G.657.A2 (October 2012) recommendations.

The invention also pertains an optical cable comprising at least one ofsaid optical fibers.

The invention also pertains a method for manufacturing an optical fiberfrom a core and a cladding surrounding the core and having an outerdiameter of 125 μm, the method comprising:

-   -   Applying a primary coating directly on the cladding, with a        thickness t₁ between 10 and 18 μm,    -   Curing the primary coating to obtain a cured primary coating        with an in-situ tensile modulus Emod₁ between 0.10 and 0.18 MPa,    -   Applying a secondary coating directly on the cured primary        coating, with a thickness t₂ lower or equal to 18 μm,    -   Curing the secondary coating to obtain a cured secondary coating        with an in-situ tensile modulus Emod₂ between 700 and 1200 MPa,    -   The preceding steps being performed so that said first and        second thicknesses and said first and second in-situ tensile        moduli satisfy the following equation:        4%<(t ₁ ×t ₂ ×E mod₁ ×E mod₂ ³)/(t _(1_norm) ×t _(2_norm) ×E        mod_(1_norm) ×E mod_(2_norm) ³)<50%

Where (t_(1_norm); t_(2_norm); Emod_(1_norm); Emod_(2_norm)) are thefeaturing values of a standard 245 μm-diameter optical fiber and areequal to (33.5 μm; 25 μm; 0.4 MPa; 800 MPa).

While not explicitly described, the present embodiments may be employedin any combination or sub-combination.

5. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention can be better understood with reference to the followingdescription and drawings, given by way of example and not limiting thescope of protection, and in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the cross section of an optical fiberaccording to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the cross section of an optical cableaccording to an embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d are four illustrations of different steps of asample preparation when performing a primary In situ modulus Emod₁ teston fiber;

FIGS. 4a, 4b are two curves obtained after performing DMA;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating steps according to one embodiment ofthe invention.

The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasisinstead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.

6. DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT

The present invention relates to optical fibers and targets reachingmicro bending losses and other fiber performances similar to what isobtained with 245 μm fibers, but with a reduced fiber size up to 180 μm,thanks to a specific combination of primary and secondary coatingmonomer-polymer ratios, thicknesses and tensile moduli.

Many specific details of the invention are set forth in the followingdescription and in FIGS. 1 to 5. One skilled in the art, however, willunderstand that the present invention may have additional embodiments,or that the present invention may be practiced without several of thedetails described in the following description.

6.1 Particular Embodiment of the Reduced Diameter Optical Fiber

FIG. 1 illustrates schematically an optical fiber 1 according to oneembodiment, which is defined about an axis of revolution X that isorthogonal to the plan of FIG. 1. The fiber 1 comprises a core 2 and acladding 3 surrounding the core 2, both made of un-doped or dopedsilica. The cladding 3 has an outer diameter of about 125 μm. A curedprimary coating 4 having a cure rate yield between 80 and 90%,preferably between 82 and 87%, is directly surrounding the cladding 3,with a thickness t₁ between 10 and 18 μm and an in-situ tensile modulusEmod₁ between 0.10 and 0.18 MPa. A cured secondary coating 5 having acure rate yield between 94 and 98%, preferably between 95 and 97%,directly surrounds the cured primary coating 4, with a thickness t₂lower or equal to 18 μm and an in-situ tensile modulus Emod₂ between 700and 1200 MPa, with a ratio (t₁×t₂×Emod₁×Emod₂³)/(t_(1_norm)×t_(2_norm)×Emod_(1_norm)×Emod_(2_norm) ³) between 4 and50%.

Where (t_(1_norm); t_(2_norm); Emod_(1_norm); Emod_(2_norm)) are thefeaturing values of a standard 245 μm-diameter optical fiber and areequal to (33.5 μm; 25 μm; 0.4 MPa; 800 MPa).

If those characteristics are not verified, the reduced diameter fibercannot present acceptable attenuation losses under stress (notably microbending losses would be higher than those of a standard 245 μm-diameterfibers and attenuation variation at 1550 nm could not be kept within0.05 bB/km under thermo cycling between −60° C. and +85° C.).

In one embodiment, a plurality of these optical fibers 1 is regroupedwithin the sheath 7 that defines the outline of an optical cable 6, asillustrated by FIG. 2.

6.2 Method for Manufacturing a Reduced Diameter Optical Fiber

The core and cladding of the present optical fibers may be produced by avariety of chemical vapor deposition methods that are well known in theart for producing a core rod, such as Outside Vapor Deposition (OVD),Axial Vapor Deposition (VAD), Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition (MCVD),or Plasma enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PCVD, PECVD). In oneembodiment, the core rods produced with the above described processesmay be provided with an additional layer of silica on the outside usingprefabricated tubes, such as in Rod-in-Tube or Rod-in-Cylinderprocesses, or by outside deposition processes such as Outside VaporDeposition (OVD) or Advanced Plasma Vapor Deposition (APVD). Thepreforms thus obtained are drawn into optical fiber in a fiber drawtower in which the preform is heated to a temperature sufficient tosoften the glass, e.g. a temperature of about 2000° C. or higher. Thepreform is heated by feeding it through a furnace and drawing a glassfiber from the molten material at the bottom of the furnace. Insubsequent stages the fiber while being drawn is cooled down to atemperature below 100° C. and provided with the reduced diametercoating.

The coating is provided on the outer surface of the glass part of theoptical fiber, by passing the fiber through a coating applicator. In theapplicator liquid unreacted coating is fed to the fiber and the fiberwith coating is guided through a sizing die of appropriate dimensions.Some processes use applicators in which both coatings, primary andsecondary are applied the fiber (so called wet-on-wet). The fiber withtwo layers of coating subsequently passes through a curing system forcuring both coatings. Other processes use a first applicator forapplying the primary coating on the fiber which is subsequently cured.After (partial) curing of the primary coating the secondary coating isapplied in a second applicator, after which a second curing occurs. TheUV source can be provided notably from microwave powered lamps or LEDlamps.

After curing of the coatings the fiber is guided over a capstan, whichpulls the molten fiber out of the drawing furnace. After the capstan thefiber is guided to a take up spool.

6.3 Tests Procedures to be Performed on Optical Fibers to Determine thePrimary and Secondary In-Situ Tensile Modulus Emod₁ and Emod₂

The primary modulus Emod₁ can be either directly measured on fiber orwith the help of a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) using film or bulkcoating sample.

In contrast, it is not possible to measure the secondary modulus Emod₂directly on the fiber 1.

6.3.1 Primary In Situ Modulus Emod₁ Test Procedure on Fiber

A. Sample Choice

Representative fiber samples are chosen two weeks after drawing, comingfrom the middle part of a preform.

B. Sample Preparation

Three fiber samples are cut of about 50 to 60 cm each. 2 mm of coatingis then stripped at a distance of about 10 cm from the end, asillustrated by FIG. 3 a.

Each sample of fiber is then glued in glass slides.

In this matter, a glass slide 9 is placed on an Aluminum support 20,which has been prepared to fit this glass slide. A landmark at 1 cm fromthe bottom limit of the glass is then made before fixing an adhesivetape 10 at this landmark, as illustrated by FIG. 3 b.

The fiber sample 1 is then positioned on the glass slide so that the 2mm stripped position 11 is laying just out the glass slide. The fiber issubsequently glued to the glass slide, preferably with a two componentEpoxy resin. A 1 cm-diameter resin dot 8 is used to fix the fiber to theglass slide, as illustrated by FIG. 3 c

C. In-Situ Modulus Emod Test

When the glue is hardened, the fiber is cut on top of the glass slideand the prepared sample is placed on an aluminum support plate 20, asillustrated by FIG. 3d . and placed under a video microscope. Thesupport plate 20 has a groove 23 for guiding the fiber and a smallpulley 24 to allow the fiber to move during the test. The glass slide isfixed in a slot 21 by hold dawn clamps 22 a, 22 b. The 2 mm strippedfiber 11 is above the inspection slot 25.

A curve of displacement versus weight is obtained by measuring thedisplacement of the fiber in the stripped 2 mm zone under influence ofseveral (typically four) different weights. Care is taken that for eachdisplacement measurement the fiber stops moving after 4 to 5 seconds andthat after releasing all weights from the fiber, the fiber returns toits original position.

This measurement is repeated for each fiber sample.

A suitable apparatus for performing such measurement is a microscopewith top and bottom illumination, equipped with a color video cameraconnected to a video color monitor and a displacement measurementsystem.

The diameter of resin dot 8 is measured with a caliper. The crosssectional dimensions of the fiber are measured on a geometrical bench inorder to check the exact value of the primary coating diameter and thebare fiber 11 diameter.

D. Results

Following the displacements measurements, the shear modulus and thetensile modulus is calculated. Firstly the shear modulus is calculated,in dynes/cm². The usual formula is:

$G_{eq} = {\left( \frac{98{0.7}}{m} \right)\frac{\ln\left( {2\;{R_{2}/2}\; R_{1}} \right)}{2\pi L}}$With:

G_(eq): shear modulus (dynes/cm²)

m: slope of the linear function of displacement vs. weight (cm/g)

R1: diameter of the bare fiber (μm)

R2: diameter of the primary coating (μm)

L: length of the isolated section of coated fiber on the glass slide(cm), under the resin dot.

The shear modulus in units of dynes/cm² can be converted to tensilemodulus E_(eq) in MPa by using the usual formula below.E _(eq)=2G _(eq)(1+ν)×10⁻⁷

E_(eq): tensile modulus (MPa)

G_(eq): shear modulus (dynes/cm²)

ν: Poisson's ratio

In this relation, the Poisson's ratio (

) is approximated to 0.5, considering the primary coating material typeis an ideal rubber within the extension experienced during themeasurement.

6.3.2 Secondary In Situ Modulus Emod₂ Test Procedure on Film

The secondary in situ modulus Emod₂ is measured using fiber tube-offsamples.

To obtain a fiber tube-off sample, a 0.14 mm Miller stripper is firstclamped down approximately 2.5 cm from the end of the coated fiber. The2.5 cm region of fiber extending from the stripper is plunged into astream of liquid nitrogen and held for 3 seconds. The fiber is thenremoved from the stream of liquid nitrogen and quickly stripped. Thestripped end of the fiber is inspected to insure that the coating isremoved. If coating remains on the glass, the sample is prepared again.The result is a hollow tube of primary and secondary coatings. Thediameters of the glass, primary coating and secondary coating aremeasured from the end-face of the unstripped fiber. To measure secondaryin situ modulus, fiber tube-off samples can be run with an instrumentsuch as a Rheometries DMT A IV instrument at a sample gauge length 11mm. The width, thickness, and length of the sample are determined andprovided as input to the operating software of the instrument. Thesample is mounted and run using a time sweep program at ambienttemperature (21° C.) using the following parameters:

Frequency: 1 Rad/sec

Strain: 0.3%

Total Time=120 sec.

Time Per Measurement=1 sec

Initial Static Force=15.0 [g]

Static>Dynamic Force by=10.0 [%]

Once completed, the last five E′ (storage modulus) data points areaveraged. Each sample is run three times (fresh sample for each run) fora total of fifteen data points. The averaged value of the three runs isreported as the secondary in situ modulus.

6.4 Test Procedure to Measure Coating Cure Yield by FTIR

A—As Per the Primary Coating Cure Yield:

a) Measure of Acrylate Area Ratio in the Resin State

A background spectrum is firstly realized on the FTIR apparatus.

Then a droplet of primary resin is positioned on the top of the FTIRcell. The FTIR spectrum is then realized. The FTIR subtracts thebackground spectrum to obtain the primary FTIR spectrum.

On the spectrum, the area of the residual acrylate peak is measuredbetween 813 and 798 cm⁻¹.

The area of a reference peak is then measured between 1567 and 1488cm⁻¹.

The resin acrylate ratio in then obtained by dividing the acrylate peakarea by the reference peak area.

b) Measure of Acrylate Area Ratio in the Coating State

A background spectrum is firstly realized on the FTIR apparatus.

Then a 5 mm piece of coating is removed from the coated fiber one weekafter draw using a razor blade and the convex side is positioned on thetop of the FTIR cell. The FTIR spectrum is then realized. The FTIRsubtracts the background spectrum to obtain the primary FTIR spectrum.

On the spectrum, the area of the residual acrylate peak is measuredbetween 813 and 798 cm⁻¹.

The area of a reference peak is then measured between 1567 and 1488cm⁻¹.

The coating acrylate ratio in then obtained by dividing the acrylatepeak area by the reference peak area.

c) Measure of the Primary Coating Cure Yield

The primary coating cure yield is obtained according to the formulabelow:Primary cure (in %)=(1−coating acrylate ratio/resin acrylate ratio)*100B—As Per the Secondary Coating Cure Yield:

a) Measure of Acrylate Area Ratio in the Resin State

The same procedure is applied as for the primary resin to obtain thesecondary resin ratio.

b) Measure of Acrylate Area Ratio in the Coating State

A background spectrum is firstly realized on the FTIR apparatus.

Then a 30 cm-coated fiber is cut one week after draw into 2 to 3cm-lengths that are assembled to form a bundle, which is positioned onthe top of the FTIR cell. The FTIR spectrum is then realized. The FTIRsubtracts the background spectrum to obtain the primary FTIR spectrum.

On the spectrum the area of the residual acrylate peak is measuredbetween 813 and 798 cm⁻¹.

The area of a reference peak is then measured between 1567 and 1488cm⁻¹.

The coating ratio in then obtained by dividing the acrylate peak area bythe reference peak area.

c) Measure of the Secondary Coating Cure Yield

The secondary coating cure yield is obtained according to the formulabelow:Secondary cure (in %)=(1−coating acrylate ratio/resin acrylateratio)*1006.5 Tests Performed to Determine the Thermal Stability of the OpticalFibers

Tests have been performed in order to challenge the thermal stability ofan optical fiber according to the invention. In this matter, 1 km ofsuch a fiber in a free coil has been operated under temperatures rangingbetween −60° C. to +70° C. As a result, the change in attenuation of alight signal with a wavelength of 1550 nm and 1625 nm have been measuredunder 0.05 dB/km for a fiber of the known G657A2-type (BendBright^(XS)©FTTH optical fiber, produced by Prysmian Group). Such a minimization ofthe light attenuation in an optical fiber is undoubtedly a majorperformance that distinguishes the invention from the prior art.

The invention claimed is:
 1. An optical fiber (1) having an optical-fiber diameter between 165 microns and 197 microns, the optical fiber comprising a core (2) and a cladding (3) surrounding the core (2) and having an outer diameter of 125 microns, the optical fiber (1) comprising a cured primary coating (4) directly surrounding the cladding (3) and a cured secondary coating (5) directly surrounding the cured primary coating (4), said cured primary coating (4) having a thickness t₁ between 10 microns and 18 microns and an in-situ tensile modulus Emod₁ between 0.10 MPa and 0.18 MPa, said cured secondary coating (5) having a thickness t₂ between 10 microns and 18 microns and an in-situ tensile modulus Emod₂ between 700 MPa and 1200 MPa, wherein said first and second thicknesses and said first and second in-situ tensile moduli satisfy the following equation: 4%<(t ₁ ×t ₂ ×E mod₁ ×E mod₂ ³)/(t _(1_norm) ×t _(2_norm) ×E mod_(1_norm) ×E mod_(2_norm) ³)<50% Where t_(1_norm) is the thickness of the cured primary coating of a standard 245 μm-diameter optical fiber, which is equal to 33.5 microns, t_(2_norm) is the thickness of the cured secondary coating of a standard 245 μm-diameter optical fiber, which is equal to 25 microns, Emod_(1_norm) is the in-situ tensile modulus of the cured primary coating of a standard 245 μm-diameter optical fiber, which is equal to 0.4 MPa, and Emod_(2_norm) is the in-situ tensile modulus of the cured secondary coating of a standard 245 μm-diameter optical fiber, which is equal to 800 MPa.
 2. The optical fiber (1) according to claim 1, wherein both the core (2) and the cladding (3) are made of doped or un-doped silica.
 3. The optical fiber (1) according to claim 1, wherein the cured primary coating (4) has a cure rate yield after UV curing between 80 and 90 percent one week after draw.
 4. The optical fiber (1) according to claim 1, wherein the cured secondary coating (5) has a cure rate yield after UV curing between 94 and 98 percent.
 5. The optical fiber (1) according to claim 1, wherein the primary coating (4) has a thickness t₁ between 10 microns and 16 microns.
 6. The optical fiber (1) according to claim 1, wherein the secondary coating (5) has a tensile modulus Emod₂ higher than 1000 MPa.
 7. The optical fiber (1) according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber (1) complies with the macro-bend losses specified in the ITU-T G.657.A1 (October 2012) recommendations.
 8. The optical fiber (1) according to claim 7, wherein the cladding (3) comprises a depressed area.
 9. The optical fiber (1) according to claim 1, wherein, at a wavelength of 1550 nanometers and at a wavelength of 1625 nanometers, one kilometer of the optical fiber (1) in a free coil has temperature-induced attenuation losses of less than 0.05 dB/km as measured over a temperature range between −60° C. and +70° C.
 10. An optical cable (6) comprising at least one optical fiber (1) according to claim
 1. 11. An optical fiber (1) having an optical-fiber diameter between 165 microns and 197 microns, the optical fiber comprising a core (2) and a cladding (3) surrounding the core (2) and having an outer diameter of 125 microns, the optical fiber (1) comprising a cured primary coating (4) directly surrounding the cladding (3) and a cured secondary coating (5) directly surrounding the cured primary coating (4), said cured primary coating (4) having a thickness t₁ between 10 microns and 18 microns, an in-situ tensile modulus Emod₁ between 0.10 MPa and 0.18 MPa, and a cure rate yield after UV curing between 80 and 90 percent one week after draw, said cured secondary coating (5) having a thickness t₂ between 10 microns and 18 microns, an in-situ tensile modulus Emod₂ between 700 MPa and 1200 MPa, and a cure rate yield after UV curing between 94 and 98 percent, wherein said first and second thicknesses and said first and second in-situ tensile moduli satisfy the following equation: 4%<(t ₁ ×t ₂ ×E mod₁ ×E mod₂ ³)/(t _(1_norm) ×t _(2_norm) ×E mod_(1_norm) ×E mod_(2_norm) ³)<50% where t_(1_norm) is the thickness of the cured primary coating of a standard 245 μm-diameter optical fiber, which is equal to 33.5 microns, t_(2_norm) is the thickness of the cured secondary coating of a standard 245 μm-diameter optical fiber, which is equal to 25 microns, Emod_(1_norm) is the in-situ tensile modulus of the cured primary coating of a standard 245 μm-diameter optical fiber, which is equal to 0.4 MPa, and Emod_(2_norm) is the in-situ tensile modulus of the cured secondary coating of a standard 245 μm-diameter optical fiber, which is equal to 800 MPa.
 12. The optical fiber (1) according to claim 11, wherein the primary coating (4) has a thickness t₁ between 10 microns and 16 microns.
 13. The optical fiber (1) according to claim 11, wherein the secondary coating (5) has a tensile modulus Emod₂ higher than 1000 MPa.
 14. The optical fiber (1) according to claim 11, wherein the cladding (3) comprises a trench.
 15. The optical fiber (1) according to claim 11, wherein the optical fiber has a cable cut-off wavelength less than or equal to 1260 nanometers.
 16. The optical fiber (1) according to claim 11, wherein, at a wavelength 1310 nanometers, the optical fiber has a Mode Field Diameter (MFD) between 8.6 and 9.5 microns.
 17. The optical fiber (1) according to claim 11, wherein the optical fiber has a zero-dispersion wavelength between 1300 and 1324 nanometers.
 18. The optical fiber (1) according to claim 11, wherein, at a wavelength of 1550 nanometers and at a wavelength of 1625 nanometers, one kilometer of the optical fiber (1) in a free coil has temperature-induced attenuation losses of less than 0.05 dB/km as measured over a temperature range between −60° C. and +70° C.
 19. An optical cable (6) comprising at least one optical fiber (1) according to claim
 11. 